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[PHARM-08] Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, NTEP Tuberculosis, NACO HIV, NVBDCP Malaria & Stewardship
PHARM-08 • 2. PharmacologyLearning Objectives
Classify antibacterial agents by mechanism (Cell wall, 30S/50S ribosome, DNA gyrase, Folate pathway) and PK/PD killing dynamics (Time-dependent T>MIC vs Concentration-dependent Cmax/MIC).; Detail India's NTEP (DS-TB 2HRZE/4HRE), NVBDCP Malaria ([8.57] Chloroquine, [8.58] Artesunate, [8.59] Artemether+Lumefantrine, [8.60] Primaquine), and NACO HIV (TLD regimen) guidelines.; Apply ICMR Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMSP) and WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) classification.
Chapter Overview & Core Explanation
Antimicrobials exploit structural differences between microbial pathogens and human cells—such as bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls, 70S ribosomes, or viral reverse transcriptase—to selectively eradicate infection while minimizing host toxicity.
Key Exam & Clinical Takeaways
- Never co-administer intravenous [8.15] Ceftriaxone with calcium-containing IV fluids (such as Ringer's Lactate or IV Calcium Gluconate [10.10]) in neonates due to fatal ceftriaxone-calcium salt precipitation in lungs and kidneys.
- When a patient on HIV TLD regimen ([8.78] Dolutegravir) starts [8.53] Rifampicin for TB co-infection, Dolutegravir must be given as 50 mg TWICE daily (instead of once daily) due to Rifampicin UGT1A1/CYP3A4 induction.